HUB & ResidencesInvestor view
Investitorska analiza

Return Analysis — Projekat ukupno

Investicioni model projekta. Operativni horizont 7 godina (Y0 land payment → Y6 likvidacija projekta) — Phase 1 (rezidencijalni, 60 mj) + Phase 2 (Biznis Hub, 24 mj, preklapa Phase 1). Svi parametri se mogu mijenjati u Edit model panel-u.

Profit
€9.79M
ROI 19.01%Cash multiple 2.09x
IRR
36.02%
Payback 5.44 god.interna stopa povratka
NPV
€4.15M
@ 11.2% discount ratenet present value
Dev. cost (all-in)
€51.5M
construction + soft + land
Peak equity req.
€8.96M
Y0 → Y3 deployment
Funding split
84.35% / 15.65%
pre-sales / equity
Total units
131 stanova
+ 397 garažnih mjesta
ROI
19.01%
Cash multiple
2.09x
Payback period
5.44 god.
01

Industry Benchmark Scoreboard

Svaka ključna metrika upoređena sa industrijskim standardom za rezidencijalni razvoj u jugoistočnoj Europi. Klikni info ikonicu za objašnjenje šta metrika znači i kako se interpretira.

Izvanredno: 2Vrlo dobro: 6Standardno: 0Slabo: 0Rizik: 1
IRR
36.02%Izvanredan
ROI
19.01%Vrlo dobar
NPV (premium nad capex-om)
8.06%Pozitivan
Profit margin
19.01%Solidna marža
Cash multiple
2.09xVrlo dobar
Payback period
5.44 god.Tipično
Peak equity / capex
17.4%Izuzetna efikasnost
Capital stack mix
16% E / 84% PSPre-sales orijentisan
Contingency reserve
3.0%Tanak buffer
Legenda
Izvanredno — značajno iznad standardaVrlo dobro — iznad tipičnog opsegaStandardni opseg — tipičnoSlabije — ispod očekivanjaRizik — flagged, treba pažnje
02

Risk & Scenarios

Šta se dešava ako stvari pođu loše? Tri industrijski-standardne analize za procjenu rizika projekta.

Sensitivity Analysis

Baseline IRR: 36.02%
Sales prices
±23.9pp
Construction costs
±17.2pp
Price appreciation
±2.9pp
Soft costs
±2.5pp
Brokerage fee
±0.1pp
Land compensation
±0.0pp
Discount rate (za NPV)
±0.0pp
IRR pri −10% varijablebaseline IRR 36.02%IRR pri +10% varijable
Pokaži detaljan tabelarni prikaz za sve faktore (−15%, −10%, −5%, +5%, +10%, +15%)
Varijabla−15%−10%−5%Base+5%+10%+15%
Sales prices12.65%24.07%36.02%48.25%60.5%72.59%
Construction costs57.93%50.96%43.64%36.02%25.77%16.48%8.22%
Price appreciation31.62%33.1%34.57%36.02%37.46%38.88%40.28%
Soft costs39.21%38.15%37.09%36.02%34.56%33.1%31.67%
Brokerage fee36.13%36.1%36.06%36.02%35.99%35.95%35.92%
Land compensation36.02%36.02%36.02%36.02%36.02%36.02%36.02%
Discount rate (za NPV)36.02%36.02%36.02%36.02%36.02%36.02%36.02%

Stress Test — Bear / Base / Bull

Bear case

bear

Sales prices −10%, construction costs +10%, slabiji price appreciation (×0.6). Pesimističan scenario.

Profit
−€4.21M−€14M
IRR
-12.64%-48.66pp
NPV
−€4.8M−€8.95M
Cash multiple
0.53x
Payback
NaN god.

Base case

base

Trenutni model. Baseline assumptions.

Profit
€9.79M
IRR
36.02%
NPV
€4.15M
Cash multiple
2.09x
Payback
5.44 god.

Bull case

bull

Sales prices +10%, construction costs −5%, jači price appreciation (×1.3). Optimističan scenario.

Profit
€20.81M+€11.02M
IRR
75.14%+39.12pp
NPV
€11.07M+€6.91M
Cash multiple
3.32x
Payback
2.73 god.

Break-Even Analysis — Margin of Safety

Margin na pad sales price-a

Koliko prodajne cijene mogu pasti prije nego što NPV bude 0?

10.7%Umjereno margin
Cijene smiju pasti do faktora 0.893× (od 1.000× baseline-a) prije nego što NPV postane 0.
0%10%20%30%40%+

Margin na rast construction costs

Koliko construction cost-i mogu porasti prije nego što NPV bude 0?

+13.1%Umjereno margin
Cost-i smiju porasti do faktora 1.131× (od 1.000× baseline-a) prije nego što NPV postane 0.
0%10%20%30%40%+
03

Project Overview

Lokacija, struktura zgrada i prodajna površina.

Plan lokacije

Hover na zgradu za detalje
Objekat 1Objekat 2Objekat 3Objekat 4HUBPhase 1 — ResidentialPhase 2 — HUB (Business)
Lokacija — ukupno
29,437izgrađenost
7,359 m² zauzetost · 25% lot coverage
Stambeni
46%
13,540 m² izgrađeno
3,150 m² zauzetost
HUB
54%
15,897 m² izgrađeno
4,209 m² zauzetost
Struktura stanova (131)
Jednosobni
70
Dvosobni
48
Trosobni
10
Četvorosobni
3
Net prodajna površina
6,367.3
Phase 1 rezidencijalno (incl. retail i garaže)

Phase 1 vs Phase 2 — construction split

Total construction €43.9M
Phase 1 — €17.65M (40.21%)
Phase 2 — €26.25M (59.79%)
04

Capital Structure

Kako se novac troši (capex) i odakle dolazi (funding).

Use of funds

Capex breakdown
Total€51.5M
Construction
€43.9M (85.25%)
Soft costs
€6.53M (12.68%)
Land compensation
€1.07M (2.07%)

Source of funds

Funding mix
Pre-sales 84.35%
Equity 15.65%
Pre-sales
€43.44M
Equity (own funds)
€8.06M
Y1 entry
Debt
€0
not used

Financing terms
Brokerage fee
0.3%
Branding fee
0%
Interest rate
5%
Deal cost
2.4%
Contingency for presales
0%
NPV discount rate
11.2%
Peak equity requirement
€8.96M
suma own funds Y0–Y3
Cash multiple
2.09x
na own funds
Payback period
5.44 god.
break-even ~Y6
Equity schedule (€): Y0 -1,067,500 · Y1 -2,521,747 · Y2 -5,043,495 · Y3 -327,827 · Y4 0 (Y4+ = 0)
05

Phase 1 vs Phase 2 — P&L Comparison

Koja faza projekta nosi profit? Soft costs (€6.53M) i land (€1.07M) su alocirani proporcionalno construction shares.

Phase 1 — Residential

Phase 1
Profit
−€3.62M
Margin
-17.47%
Dev cost (alocirano)€20.71M
Contract sales€17.14M
Stanovi131
Saleable m²6,367 m²
Avg €/m²€2,692/m²
Rezidencijalni razvoj sa pre-sales modelom. Konstrukcija 60 mjeseci.

Phase 2 — Business Hub

Phase 2
ProfitVodi
€13.41M
MarginVodi
43.53%
Dev cost (alocirano)€30.8M
Contract sales€44.33M
Stanovi
Saleable m²10,621 m²
Avg €/m²€4,174/m²
Business Hub: kancelarije, retail, restaurant. Konstrukcija 24 mjeseca.
Detaljno poređenje
StavkaPhase 1Phase 2Razlika
Construction cost€17,652,226€26,252,764+€8,600,538 ↑
Soft costs (alocirano)€2,625,400€3,904,551+€1,279,151 ↑
Land (alocirano)€429,194€638,306+€209,112 ↑
Total dev cost€20,706,820€30,795,621+€10,088,801 ↑
Contract sales€17,140,564€44,334,630+€27,194,066 ↑
Net sales (po brokerage)€17,089,143€44,201,626+€27,112,484 ↑
PROFIT-€3,617,678€13,406,005+€17,023,683 ↑
Profit margin-17.47%43.53%+61.00pp
Stanovi (apartments)1310-131
Net sellable m²6,36710,621+4,254
Avg sale price €/m²€2,692/m²€4,174/m²+1,482
Ključni uvidi: Phase 2 donosi viši ukupni profit (€13.41M vs −€3.62M), a Phase 2 ima bolju profit maržu (43.53% vs -17.47%). Iako Phase 2 zahtijeva veću investiciju (€30.8M vs €20.71M), Business Hub generiše značajno veću prodajnu vrijednost zbog viših cijena/m² za poslovne prostore.
06

Cash Flow Timeline

Šest godina ulaganja, jedna godina povratka. Zelena linija je kumulativni cash flow; plavi/narandžasti pravougaonici su godišnji.

Investment start
Y0 · −€1.07M
Land compensation cash
Construction window
84 mjeseca
60 mj Phase 1 + 24 mj Phase 2
Peak equity Y5
−€7.72M
cumulative trough
Project liquidation Y6
€17.51M
single biggest year
Prikaži detaljnu tabelu po godinama
StavkaY0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7
Net sales (po brokerage)1,573,5445,722,0048,190,95316,277,14712,015,45317,511,669
Own funds (equity)-1,067,500-2,521,747-5,043,495-327,827
Pre-sales used−0−8,750,462−14,121,783−19,669,627
Net cash flow-1,067,500-948,203678,509-887,3372,155,364-7,654,17417,511,6690
Cumulative-1,067,500-2,015,703-1,337,194-2,224,531-69,168-7,723,3429,788,3279,788,327
07

Buildings — Deep Dive

Detalji svakog objekta: struktura jedinica, površine, prodajna vrijednost.

131 stanova ukupno · 8,631 m² stanovanja · 1,830 m² poslovanja · Construction P1 €17.65M · Est. sales €17.14M

Objekat 1

Zgrada 1
Phase 1
33stanova
Jednosobni
33

Net prodajna
2,008.6 m²
Neto objekat
2,270.2 m²
Bruto objekat
2,605 m²
Zauzetost
665 m²

Objekat 2

Zgrada 2
Phase 1
39stanova
Jednosobni
20
Dvosobni
16
Trosobni
2
Četvorosobni
1

Net prodajna
2,640.4 m²
Neto objekat
3,016.9 m²
Bruto objekat
3,395 m²
Zauzetost
790 m²

Objekat 3

Zgrada 3
Phase 1
21stanova
Jednosobni
4
Dvosobni
12
Trosobni
4
Četvorosobni
1

Net prodajna
2,084.8 m²
Neto objekat
2,361.1 m²
Bruto objekat
2,770 m²
Zauzetost
645 m²

Objekat 4

Zgrada 4
Phase 1
38stanova
Jednosobni
13
Dvosobni
20
Trosobni
4
Četvorosobni
1

Net prodajna
3,727.5 m²
Neto objekat
4,114.2 m²
Bruto objekat
4,770 m²
Zauzetost
1,050 m²

HUB

Zgrada 5 · Business hub
Phase 2 · 24 mjeseca
Construction cost
€26.25M
Est. sales (Phase 2 total)
€44.33M

Sadržaji
  • Offices 2-3F (shell&core)6,510 m² · €2,893/m²
  • Offices 1F (shared)3,255 m² · €3,678/m²
  • Retail ground floor2,535 m² · €3,678/m²
  • Restaurant + Kitchen833 m² · €3,065/m²
  • Commercial -1 underground3,130 m² · €925/m²
  • Office -1 (low budget)350 m² · €2,314/m²
  • Storage506 m² · €1,157/m²
  • Garage (304 mjesta)11,810 m² · €16,529/uniti
08

Unit Economics

Procijenjeni prihod po tipu stana — investitor vidi koliko vrijedi svaki tip jedinice i koliki je doprinos ukupnom prihodu.

Jednosobni

70 stanova
Avg vrijednost po stanu
€122.85K
Avg površina49.3
Avg cijena/m²2,493
Ukupan prihod€8.6M
40.0% ukupnog rezidencijalnog prihoda

Dvosobni

48 stanova
Avg vrijednost po stanu
€193.97K
Avg površina77.8
Avg cijena/m²2,493
Ukupan prihod€9.31M
43.3% ukupnog rezidencijalnog prihoda

Trosobni

10 stanova
Avg vrijednost po stanu
€258.62K
Avg površina103.8
Avg cijena/m²2,493
Ukupan prihod€2.59M
12.0% ukupnog rezidencijalnog prihoda

Četvorosobni

3 stanova
Avg vrijednost po stanu
€339.44K
Avg površina136.2
Avg cijena/m²2,493
Ukupan prihod€1.02M
4.7% ukupnog rezidencijalnog prihoda

Break-even po jedinicama

127stanova
Po prosječnoj cijeni od €164.23K / jedinici. Iznad ovog broja generišemo profit.
Available to sell (P1):43 stanova
Treba 295.3% jedinica za break-even

Total Phase 1 procijenjeni prihod

€21,514,047
Procijenjeno iz 131 stanova × avg cijena/m² × weighted appreciation faktor.

Procjena modela:€21,514,047
Stvarno u sales projection:€15,639,079
Razlika potiče iz procijenjenih veličina jedinica (samo rezidencijalni; ne uključuje retail/garage).
09

Construction Costs — Phase 1 vs Phase 2

€43.9M ukupne konstrukcije. Phase 2 ima 49% više cost-a iako traje samo 24 mjeseca — Business Hub finishes su skuplji per m².

Phase timeline
Phase 1 — Residential60 mj · €17.65M
Phase 2 — Business Hub24 mj · €26.25M
Phase 1 · €17.65M · 40.21%
Phase 2 · €26.25M · 59.79%

Phase 1 — Residential (60 mjeseci)

€17.65M
StavkaGBA (m²)€/m²Total
Residential building
11,233975
€10,952,175
Retail (shell and core)
2,307725
€1,672,575
Garage
(175 mjesta)
6,986636
€4,443,096
Landscaping + infrastructure
4,714124
€584,380

Phase 2 — Business Hub (24 mjeseca)

€26.25M
StavkaGBA (m²)€/m²Total
Offices 2-3 floors
6,510925
€6,021,750
Offices 1 floor
3,2551,294
€4,211,970
Retail ground floor
2,5351,294
€3,279,928
Restaurant ground floor + Kitchen -1
833925
€770,830
Commercial spaces -1 underground
3,130925
€2,895,250
Square and atrium
960325
€312,000
Fitting and furnishing
2,200425
€935,000
Garage and services
(304 mjesta)
11,810636
€7,511,160
Landscaping + infrastructure
2,540124
€314,876
Phase 2 ima 49% više construction cost-a u 60% manje vremena. Pokretač je Business Hub fitting — Offices 1F i Retail GF su najskuplji per m² (€1,294/m²).
10

Soft Costs Breakdown

€6.53M soft costs — Communal i Development Management dominiraju.

Soft costs€6.53M
Design
€1M (15.32%)
Development and Project management
€1.54M (23.53%)
Supervision
€307.33K (4.71%)
Communal charges
€2.02M (30.88%)
Marketing and sales
€219.52K (3.36%)
Legal and permitting
€132K (2.02%)
Contingency (3%)
€1.32M (20.17%)
Soft costs = 12.68% od total capex
Construction
85.25%
Soft costs
12.68%
Land
2.07%
Šta je 'Communal charges' (€2.02M)?

Komunalna naknada za nadzemni rezidencijalni + Biznis Hub dio. Cross-references stavku Placene komunalije za nadzemni rezidencialni i Biznis Hub dio iz Financial Plan tab-a — iste cifre.

Contingency 3% — agresivno

€1.32M (3% × €43.90M construction). Industrijski standard je 5-10% — niži buffer ostavlja manje fleksibilnosti za nepredviđene troškove.

Detalji + formule (priprema za Phase 2 dinamičnost)
StavkaIznos% constructionFormula
Design€1,000,6502.28%fixed value
Development and Project management€1,536,6753.5%3.50% × construction
Supervision€307,3350.7%0.70% × construction
Communal charges€2,016,6174.59%fixed value
Marketing and sales€219,5250.5%0.50% × construction
Legal and permitting€132,0000.3%fixed value
Contingency (3%)€1,317,1503%3.00% × construction
Total€6,529,95114.87%
11

Sales Projection

Phase 1 (rezidencijalno, Y1-Y5) + Phase 2 (Business Hub, Y2-Y6). Cijene se uvećavaju 5% godišnje. Y7 = 0 jer su sve prodajne sheme završene do Y6.

Contract values po godini (€)

Phase 1
Phase 2
Total contract value
€61.48M
Phase 1 €17.14M + Phase 2 €44.33M
Peak: Y6 @ €17.56M · Avg/aktivnoj godini: €10.25M
Apartments sold per year (Phase 1)
Y1
9(20%)
Y2
11(25%)
Y3
15(35%)
Y4
4(10%)
Y5
4(10%)
43 ukupno (od 131; 88 rezervisano za land compensation)
Price evolution (Phase 1 residential, €/m²)
Y12,149 €/m²
Y22,364 €/m²
Y32,579 €/m²
Y42,793 €/m²
Y52,901 €/m²
Y1 → Y5 ukupno appreciation: +35%
88 stanova rezervisano za land compensation (Retail 1,737m² + Residential 2,357m² + Garage 70 mjesta). To smanjuje broj prodajnih jedinica sa 131 na 43.
12

Sales Absorption Curve

Kumulativna prodajna vrijednost + brzina prodaje per godina. Industrijski indikator tržišne snage projekta.

Cumulative contract value (€M)

Aktivno 6 godina
Total absorption
€61.48M
Apsorbovano kroz 6 aktivnih godina prodaje
Avg velocity (vrijednost)
€10.25M/god
Prosječna prodaja po aktivnoj godini
Avg velocity (jedinice P1)
8.6 stanova/god
Industrijski benchmark: 5-15 stanova/god za mid-size projekat
Standardno
Year-by-year breakdown
GodinaContract valueCumulative% absorptionStanovi P1% sold (P1)
Y1€3,156,558€3,156,5585.1%920.0%
Y2€7,297,014€10,453,57217.0%1145.0%
Y3€11,736,570€22,190,14236.1%1580.0%
Y4€9,669,083€31,859,22551.8%490.0%
Y5€12,051,607€43,910,83271.4%4100.0%
Y6€17,564,362€61,475,194100.0%100.0%
Y7€61,475,194100.0%100.0%
Total€61,475,194100.0%43100.0%
Napomena: Phase 1 ima 43prodajnih stanova (od 131 ukupno; 88 rezervisano za land compensation). Phase 2 (HUB) se sastoji od poslovnih m² (kancelarije, retail, restaurant) ali ne sadrži stanove — "jedinice" u tabeli se odnose samo na Phase 1.
13

NAV Evolution — Equity Build

Kada investitor "ulazi u plus" gledajući ne samo realizovani cash već i ugovornu vrijednost preostalu za realizaciju.

NAV (forward-looking) = cash + ugovoreno preostaloRealizovan cash flow (cumulative)
NAV ulazi u plus
Y0
Forward-looking break-even — uračunavajući ugovorene buduće prihode (NAV €60.22M)
Cash flow ulazi u plus
Y6
Realizovani cash break-even — kada novac stvarno bude u kasi (€9.79M)
Prikaži tabelu NAV vs Cash flow po godinama
GodinaEquity uloženo (cum.)Realizovan cashUgovoreno preostaloNAV (forward)
Y0€1,067,500-1,067,500€61,290,76960,223,269
Y1€3,589,247-2,015,703€59,717,22557,701,522
Y2€8,632,742-1,337,194€53,995,22152,658,027
Y3€8,960,569-2,224,531€45,804,26943,579,737
Y4€8,960,569-69,168€29,527,12129,457,954
Y5€8,960,569-7,723,342€17,511,6699,788,327
Y6€8,960,5699,788,327€09,788,327
Y7€8,960,5699,788,327€09,788,327
14

Risk Register & Heatmap

Kvalitativni rizici projekta sa probability × impact procjenom i mitigation strategy-jem. Investitor vidi gdje su slabe tačke i kako se mogu kontrolisati.

Heatmap (Probability × Impact)

Tamnija = veći prioritet

Probability →
Critical
High
1
1
Medium
1
3
Low
1
1
1
LowMediumHighCritical
Impact →
Critical priority High priority Medium priority Low priority

Pre-sales rizik

Prob: HighImpact: Critical

Pre-sales finansiraju 84% capex-a. Ako se ne prodaje dovoljno brzo, cash flow se zaustavlja.

Mitigation

Snažna pre-launch marketing kampanja, fleksibilan payment plan, ranjivost se može smanjiti uvođenjem bridge debt-a kao backup-a.

Više detalja: Sales Absorption Curve

Construction cost overrun

Prob: HighImpact: High

Rast cijena materijala, kašnjenja izvođača, neočekivani geotehnički problemi.

Mitigation

Trenutni contingency od 3% je ispod standarda (5-10%). Preporuka: povećati buffer ili fiksirati ugovore izvođača sa cap-om.

Više detalja: Soft Costs — Contingency

Tržišni rizik — cijene stanova

Prob: MediumImpact: High

Pad cijena nekretnina u regionu zbog makroekonomskih faktora (kamatne stope, recesija, geopolitika).

Mitigation

Diversifikacija segmenata (rezidencijalno + poslovno). Phase 2 daje izloženost komercijalnom segmentu koji se često ponaša kontracikli.

Više detalja: Risk & Scenarios — sensitivity

Sales pace / market absorption

Prob: MediumImpact: High

Tržište može sporije apsorbovati ponudu od projektovanog tempa (20-35% jedinica po godini u Phase 1).

Mitigation

Etapna izgradnja i prodaja (Phase 1 prije Phase 2) ograničava izloženost. Mogućnost dugoročnog rentinga neprodanih jedinica.

Više detalja: Sales Absorption Curve

Liquidity / funding gap

Prob: MediumImpact: High

Projekat se oslanja samo na equity + pre-sales. Ako pre-sales kasne, nema backup-a osim equity calls.

Mitigation

Investitor mora držati liquidity buffer za eventualne equity calls. Razmotriti revolving credit liniju kao backup.

Više detalja: Capital Structure

Phase 2 (HUB) — komercijalni rizik

Prob: MediumImpact: Medium

Phase 2 (€26.25M) zavisi od potražnje za poslovnim prostorom — vacancy rate-i, raspoloživost zakupaca, hibridni rad uticaj.

Mitigation

Diversified mix (offices + retail + restaurant). Premium lokacija i 'business hub' branding. Mogućnost pre-leasing-a pre kraja izgradnje.

Više detalja: Phase 1 vs Phase 2

Concentration risk — 1 lokacija

Prob: LowImpact: High

Cijela investicija je u jednoj lokaciji. Lokalni rizici (infrastruktura, susjedni razvoj, prirodne nepogode) utiču na cijeli portfolio.

Mitigation

Osiguranje protiv prirodnih rizika. Diversification kroz druge investicije van projekta.

Regulativni / dozvolski

Prob: LowImpact: Medium

Promjene zakona o gradnji, urbanističkih planova, naknada za komunalije. Komunalije su €2.02M soft cost-a (najveća stavka).

Mitigation

Pribavljene sve potrebne dozvole prije početka. Legal & permitting buffer u soft costs (€132k). Praćenje regulative na lokalnom nivou.

Land compensation strukturno

Prob: LowImpact: Low

88 stanova rezervisano za vlasnika zemljišta (kompenzacija u kind). Ako vrijednost rezervisanih jedinica raste, ostali kupci dobijaju manje.

Mitigation

Ugovor o kompenzaciji potpisan unaprijed. Tržišna fluktuacija ne mijenja broj jedinica koje su unaprijed određene.

15

Year-by-Year Detail

Sve cifre Y0–Y7 na jednom mjestu. Crveno = trošak, zeleno = prihod.

StavkaY0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7
Gross sales (pre-brokerage)1,578,2795,739,2218,215,59916,326,12612,051,60717,564,362
Net sales (po brokerage 0.3%)1,573,5445,722,0048,190,95316,277,14712,015,45317,511,669
Capex deployment(2,521,747)(5,043,494)(9,078,289)(14,121,783)(19,669,627)
Equity (own funds)-1,067,500-2,521,747-5,043,495-327,827
Pre-sales used-0-8,750,462-14,121,783-19,669,627
Net cash flow-1,067,500-948,203678,509-887,3372,155,364-7,654,17417,511,6690
Cumulative cash flow-1,067,500-2,015,703-1,337,194-2,224,531-69,168-7,723,3429,788,3279,788,327
Reading the table: Net cash flow = Net sales + Equity − Pre-sales used. Equity i Pre-sales used su negativni za investitora (cash out).
Final profit Y6: 9,788,327. Y7+ su sve nule (sve prodato).